This comprehensive review covers the agricultural, nutritional, and therapeutic properties of Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit. It begins by documenting the plant’s adaptability to diverse tropical environments, its cultivation methods, and its resilience under stress conditions, making it a valuable crop for marginal lands. Nutritionally, noni fruit is rich in carbohydrates, vitamin C, provitamin A, and several minerals, as well as unique phytochemicals such as scopoletin, damnacanthal, and iridoids. These compounds are credited with noni’s wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and immune-modulating effects.
The paper compiles data from both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as limited clinical trials, highlighting noni’s potential to support health in areas such as cardiovascular protection, diabetes management, and cancer therapy. While acknowledging some safety concerns related to high-dose consumption, the authors point out that the majority of research supports the fruit’s safety and efficacy when consumed in moderation. The review emphasizes the need for more rigorous clinical studies to validate the health claims and establish standardized dosing. Overall, it presents noni as a nutritionally valuable and pharmacologically promising fruit with both traditional and modern relevance.
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19 (2006) 645–654, www.elsevier.com/locate/jfca
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